Concise, readable, and packed with the latest research about one of the most fascinating and relevant subjects you'll ever study, ESSENTIALS OF PSYCHOLOGY, 7th Edition, encourages you to learn by doing -- to actively participate and to think about what you're learning as opposed to passively receiving written information. Effective learning features help you master the material and make your study time count. You'll also see how topics in psychology are interrelated, and ramp up your critical thinking skills, including practicing a surefire questioning process for thinking objectively about research questions and results.
1. INTRODUCTION TO THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY.
The World of Psychology: An Overview. Approaches to the Science of Psychology. Human Diversity and Psychology. Thinking Critically About Psychology (or Anything Else). Research Methods in Psychology. Focus on Research: Studying EMDR. Linkages: Psychological Research and Behavioral Genetics. Statistical Analysis of Research Results. Ethical Guidelines for Psychologists. Summary.
2. BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PSYCHOLOGY.
Cells of the Nervous System. The Peripheral Nervous System: Keeping in Touch with the World. The Central Nervous System: Making Sense of the World. Focus on Research: The Case of the Disembodied Woman. Thinking Critically: What Can fMRI Tell Us About Behavior and Mental Processes? Linkages: Human Development and the Changing Brain. The Chemistry of Psychology: Neurotransmitters. The Endocrine System: Coordinating the Internal World. Summary.
3. SENSATION AND PERCEPTION.
Sensing and Perceiving the World. Sensory Systems. Seeing. Hearing. The Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell. Sensing Your Body. Thinking Critically: Does Acupuncture Relieve Pain? Focus on Research: The Case of the Mysterious Spells. Perception. Organizing the Perceptual World. Recognizing the Perceptual World. Linkages: Perception and Human Development. Attention. Summary.
4. CONSCIOUSNESS.
The Scope of Consciousness. Thinking Critically: Can Subliminal Messages Change Your Behavior? Focus on Research: Subliminal Messages in Popular Music. Sleeping and Dreaming. Hypnosis. Linkages: Meditation, Health, and Stress. Psychoactive Drugs. Summary.
5. LEARNING.
Classical Conditioning: Learning Signals and Associations. Instrumental and Operant Conditioning: Learning the Consequences of Behavior. Linkages: Networks of Learning. Cognitive Processes in Learning. Focus on Research: An Experiment on Human Helplessness. Thinking Critically: Does Watching Video Violence Make Children More Violent? Using Research on Learning to Help People Learn. Summary.
6. MEMORY.
The Nature of Memory. Storing New Memories. Retrieving Memories. Constructing Memories. Focus on Research: I Could Swear I Heard It! Linkages: Memory, Perception, and Eyewitness Testimony. Forgetting. Thinking Critically: Can Traumatic Memories Be Repressed, Then Recovered? Biological Bases of Memory. Improving Your Memory. Summary.
7. THOUGHT, LANGUAGE, AND INTELLIGENCE.
Basic Functions of Thought. Mental Representations: The Ingredients of Thought. Thinking Strategies. Problem Solving. Focus on Research: Problem-Solving Strategies in the Real World. Decision Making. Linkages: Group Processes in Problem Solving and Decision Making. Language. Testing Intelligence. Evaluating Intelligence Tests. Thinking Critically: Are Intelligence Tests Unfairly Biased Against Certain Groups? Diversity in Intelligence. Summary.
8. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION.
Concepts and Theories of Motivation. Hunger and Eating. Sexual Behavior. Focus on Research: A Survey of Human Sexual Behavior. Thinking Critically: What Shapes Sexual Orientation? Achievement Motivation. Relations and Conflicts Among Motives. Linkages: Conflicting Motives and Stress. The Nature of Emotions. Theories of Emotion. Communicating Emotion. Summary.
9. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT.
Exploring Human Development. Beginnings. Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development. Linkages: Development and Memory. Infancy and Childhood: Social and Emotional Development. Thinking Critically: Does Day Care Harm the Emotional Development of Infants? Focus on Research: Exploring Developing Minds. Adolescence. Adulthood. Summary.
10. HEALTH, STRESS, AND COPING.
Health Psychology. Understanding Stress and Stressors. Stress Responses. Linkages: Stress and Psychological Disorders. Stress Mediators. Focus on Research: Personality and Health. The Physiology and Psychology of Health and Illness. Thinking Critically: Does Hostility Increase the Risk of Heart Disease? Promoting Healthy Behavior. Summary.
11. PERSONALITY.
The Psychodynamic Approach. The Trait Approach. Thinking Critically: Are Personality Traits Inherited? The Social-Cognitive Approach. The Humanistic Psychology Approach. Linkages: Personality, Culture, and Human Development. Focus on Research: Personality Development over Time. Assessing Personality. Summary.
12. PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS.
Defining Psychological Disorders. Explaining Psychological Disorders. Classifying Psychological Disorders. Thinking Critically: Is Psychological Diagnosis Biased? Anxiety Disorders. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. Linkages: Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders and Learning. Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders. Dissociative Disorders. Depressive and Bipolar Disorders. Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders. Personality Disorders. Focus on Research: Exploring Links Between Child Abuse and Antisocial Personality Disorder. Some Additional Psychological Disorders. Mental Illness and the Law. Summary.
13. TREATMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS.
Basic Features of Treatment. Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. Humanistic Psychotherapy. Behavior Therapy and Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Group, Family, and Couples Therapy. Evaluating Psychotherapy. Thinking Critically: Are All Forms of Therapy Equally Effective? Focus on Research: Which Therapies Work Best for Which Problems? Biological Treatments. Linkages: Biological Aspects of Psychology and the Treatment of Psychological Disorders. Community Psychology. Summary.
14. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY.
Social Influences on the Self. Focus on Research: Self-Esteem and the Ultimate Terror. Social Perception. Attitudes. Prejudice and Stereotypes. Thinking Critically: Is Racial and Ethnic Prejudice Too Ingrained Ever to Be Eliminated? Interpersonal Attraction. Social Influence. Obedience. Aggression. Altruism and Prosocial Behavior. Group Processes. Linkages: Biological and Social Psychology. Summary.
15. INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY.
An Overview of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Assessing People, Jobs, and Job Performance. Recruiting and Selecting Employees. Training Employees. Employee Motivation. Job Satisfaction. Thinking Critically: Is Job Satisfaction Genetic? Linkages: Aggression in the Workplace. Occupational Health Psychology. Work Groups and Work Teams. Focus on Research: Can People Learn to Be Charismatic Leaders? Summary.
16. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY.
Foundations of Neuropsychology. Mechanisms of Brain Dysfunction. Neuropsychological Disorders. Thinking Critically: Can Someone Be Partially Paralyzed and Not Know It? Focus on Research: Studying Hemineglect. Linkages: Language Disorders and the Brain. Summary.
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Douglas Bernstein
Doug is a very motivated author. He chairs the Program Committee of the National Institute on the Teaching of Psychology (NITOP), and is the Founder of the Association for Psychological Science's Preconference Institute on the Teaching of Psychology. In 2002 he received the American Psychological Foundation's award for Distinguished Teaching in Psychology.
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Completely updated with new research, the seventh edition references hundreds of new studies, most of which date from 2016 and 2017.
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Chapter 12, "Psychological Disorders," is reorganized and updated to conform to the latest diagnostic classification manual, DSM-5.
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The text is available with MindTap Psychology for Essentials of Psychology, 7th Edition. This personalized teaching experience includes relevant assignments that guide students to analyze, apply, and improve thinking while allowing you to measure their skills and outcomes with ease. The learning path incorporates resources that move students through Bloom's taxonomy by integrating adaptive quizzing, scenario-based experiences, auto-scored writing assignments, and virtual labs that build students' confidence and help them efficiently master the material.
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An integrated pedagogical system, based on the PQ4R study system, helps students get the most out of their reading. In-chapter learning aids that support the system include a Preview Section to help students survey and question the material, a marginal glossary of terms that match APA key terminology, instructional captions that reiterate core concepts and help students learn to interpret visual information, In Review charts that summarize chunks of information in a convenient tabular format and provide fill-in-the-blank items to facilitate review, and chapter-ending review material.
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Two types of Try This activities engage students in active learning. First, figure and photo captions, identified by an icon, suggest ways students can demonstrate a principle or phenomenon for themselves. Second, Try This opportunities in the margins ask students to stop reading and do something to illustrate or highlight the principle or phenomenon under discussion.
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The book presents the latest as well as the most established results of basic and applied research on topics that are both important in psychological science and of high interest to students.
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A Thinking Critically section in each chapter helps students hone their abilities by modeling critical thinking processes. Bernstein provides a framework for analyzing evidence and drawing conclusions, built around five questions. These questions first appear in Chapter 1 and are repeated in every Thinking Critically section.
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Focus on Research sections highlight a particular research study to help students appreciate the value of research and the creativity with which psychologists have conducted it. Framed around five questions designed to help readers organize their thinking about research questions and results, these sections help students see how psychologists have used research to explore phenomena such as learned helplessness, infant cognition, evolutionary theories of helping, and human sexual behavior.
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Linkages discussions help students appreciate and see the scope of psychology by showing them how psychology is an interrelated set of subfields. A Linkages diagram at the end of each chapter presents questions that illustrate three of the ways that material in the chapter is related to other chapters in the book.
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A review section at the end of each chapter (part of the integrated study system) includes a Linkages diagram that shows how material in the chapter is connected to other chapters, a summary organized around major topic headings and the related preview questions, and a 20-item multiple-choice test designed to help students assess their understanding of the chapter's key points prior to taking quizzes and exams.
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